Hello everyone today we will discuss the Carbohydrates reaction of d-glucose and d-fructose. The study of biological and natural products in organic chemistry is Bioorganic chemistry. Amino acid, carbohydrates, polymeric chain reaction, etc are part of Bioorganic chemistry.
Polymeric Chain Reaction and Amino acid discuss in another section. Today we will discuss Carbohydrate chemistry. Sugar chemical reaction and other brief discussion is part of carbohydrates chemistry. Glucose and fructose are one of the standard parts of Sugar. Open chains of D-glucose and fructose react with different reagents like- Tollense reagent, Phenyl Hydrazine, HCN, etc.
We have to talk about the few common and important chemical reactions of glucose and fructose. In between Osazone Formation, Kilian Synthesis, Ruff Degradation, Tollens Reaction, etc are popular and usable organic syntheses.
Carbohydrates Reactions
Osazone Formation:
Both Glucose and Fructose react with three equivalents of Phenyl hydrazine formation of Osazone. Corresponds to produce the Aniline and Ammonia.
Tollens Reaction:
Using the reagents NaOH, AgNO3, and Liquid ammonia reaction with aldehyde or ketone. Contains the alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerism to aldehyde. Reagents of (NaOH, AgNO3, and Liquid NH3) are Tollens’ Reagents. In this reaction, Both glucose and fructose are Tollens’ reagents active.
Glucose reacts with Tollens’ Reagent formation of fructose and Fructose reacts with Tollens’ reagents formation of Glucose.
Glucose and Fructose react with concentrated HNO3
Oxidation of Glucose and fructose using concentrated HNO3. As a reagent of concentrated HNO3 is a high oxidizing agent which is oxidized (only primary alcohol and aldehyde) in the formation of carboxylic acid.
Conc. HNO3 Reacts with Glucose to produce the saccharic acid. And Conc. HNO3 reacts with fructose to produce the Glycollic Acid and Tartaric Acid.
Kilian Synthesis
This reaction or Organic synthesis produced the product in a two-step reaction. The organic synthesis of glucose using the reagents (i) HCN, HCl, and (ii) H2, Pd, and BaSO4. The reaction of Chain elongation -In case one carbon elongated (Increase one carbon center)
- D-glucose reacts with Hydrogen cyanide and produces the mixture of Glucose cyanohydrin isomer.
- In the final steps reduced the glucose cyanohydrin using the reducing agents H2, Pd, and BaSO4, and the formation of one carbon elongated product (from glucose).
Glucose and Fructose react with Na/Hg and water
The reduction of glucose and fructose with Na/Hg and water formation of alcohol. In the case of Glucose reacts with Na/Hg and H2O produced one major product but Fructose produces two different types of isomer mixture.
Carbohydrates problem solve
Q.1. Give names and Structure of the products obtained by reaction of (i) D-glucose and (ii) D-fructose with the following reagents
- Phenyl Hydrazine
- Na/Hg, NaOH, H2O
- Conc. HNO3
- Br2, H2O
- HCN, HCl / NaCN, HCl
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| Carbohydrates: D-glucose, D-fructose; Bioorganic chemistry question no.1 |
Answer:
The reaction of (i) D-glucose with the following reagents
- Phenyl Hydrazine
- Na/Hg, NaOH, H2O
- Conc. HNO3
- Br2, H2O
- HCN, HCl / NaCN, HCl
More details on Glucose reactions for bioorganic chemistry: In image form that is helpful for your preparation as well beginner.
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| Carbohydrides: Glucose reaction |
The reaction of (ii) D-fructose with the following reagents
- Phenyl Hydrazine
- Na/Hg, NaOH, H2O
- Conc. HNO3
- Br2, H2O
- HCN, HCl / NaCN, HCl
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| Carbohydrates: Reaction of Fructose |
Reference:
ChemClip Refer few basic and knowledge books for students and exam aspirants. We hope those books or resources are helpful for practice and learning the basic knowledge or basic concept. For Carbohydrates chemistry on Bioorganic chemistry best book…
- Organic Chemistry by Paula Bruice
Bioorganic chemistry pdf
Carbohydrate questions and answers pdf
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